Jeweled Waters / Dedrick B. Stuber / Oil on Board
John Field / Nocturne No.1 in E flat major
/ Miceal O'Rourke
John Field (July 26, 1782 ~ January 23, 1837)
was an Irish composer and pianist.
He is best known for being the first composer to write nocturnes.
녹턴(Nocturne)
낭만파시대에 주로 피아노를 위하여 작곡된 소곡. 야상곡이라고도합니다.
야상곡은 영어의 녹턴(Nocturne), 프랑스어의 녹튀른(Nocturne),
이탈리아어의 노투르노(Notturno) 를 번역한 말입니다.
녹턴이라는 이름의 소품으로 독자적인 작품을 만들어낸 사람은
영국의 존 필드(John Field 1782-1837) 였습니다.
그의 녹턴이 갖는 특징은 곡의 분위기에 있는데, 저음부의 화성적 반주형 위에
고음부가 밤의 정적과 꿈꾸는 듯한 마음을 표현하는 우아한 선율을 연주합니다.
그는 이 형식으로 일생동안 약 20곡의 야상곡을 작곡했습니다.
쇼팽은 전 생애를 통해 21곡의 녹턴을 작곡했습니다.
그 중 18곡은 각각 두 곡 내지 세 곡으로 묶여 그의 생전에 간행되었습니다.
쇼팽의 녹턴은 한쪽으로 치우치지 않고 다양성을 이루고 있으며,
특히 내용면에서 열정을 내포하고 있습니다.
하네커는 '쇼팽은 필드가 창안한 형식을 한층 발전시켜 그것에 극적인
숨결과 정열과 웅장함을 부여했다' 라고 말합니다.
John Field
Biography
Born in Dublin 1782, Field first studied the piano under his grandfather,
(also named John Field) a professional organist, and later under Tommaso Giordani.
He was the eldest son of Robert Field, who was a violinist.
He made his debut at the age of nine, a performance that was well-received.
His family moved to Bath in 1793, and later that same year went to London.
Field's father there secured for him an apprenticeship with the pianist
and piano manufacturer Muzio Clementi.
He attracted favourable comment from Joseph Haydn for his performances.
By the time he was seventeen, Field had already premiered
his First Piano Concerto (he wrote seven of them); it was one of
the last acts of his apprenticeship.
He was lionized as a performer for several years before turning
to composition, beginning with his first set of piano sonatas,
dedicated to Clementi, published in 1801.
In 1801 Field accompanied Clementi on a tour of Paris and Vienna
(where he studied briefly with Johann Georg Albrechtsberger).
When Clementi moved to Russia, Field followed him there,
continuing his employment demonstrating his pianos.
Field established his own concert career in Russia,
and by 1806 was dividing his time between Moscow and Saint Petersburg,
settling in the latter city after his marriage in 1810.
His teaching proved lucrative, and his lifestyle became somewhat extravagant;
he was something of a bon viveur, and fathered an illegitimate son.
By 1831 his health deteriorated, with a painful cancer of the rectum,
and he travelled back to London for medical attention.
He returned to Russia by way of France (where, after first hearing
one of Franz Liszt's assaults on the keybord,
he asked his neighbour, "Does he bite?") and Italy,
spending nine months in a hospital in Naples.
Helped by a Russian aristocratic family, he returned to Moscow in 1835.
There he composed his last few nocturnes in the sixteen months
remaining to him. He died in Moscow.
Music
Field is best remembered for his eighteen nocturnes
which are single movement impromptu compositions for piano
that maintain a single mood throughout.
The first three of these date from 1812.
These pieces are further notable for their influence
on Frederic Chopin,
who went on to write 21 nocturnes himself.
- From Wikipedia -
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